An introduction to educational psychology: Bahaviourism and cognitive psychology
Introduction
Educational psychology
Approaches to educational psychology
The positivist school
Cognitive psychology
Conclusion
Futher schools of thought in psychology:
Humanism and social interactionism
Introduction
Humanistic approaches
Social interactionism
A social constructivist model
Conclusion
What do teachers bring to the teaching – learning process?
Introduction
Studies in effective teaching
A constructivist view of education
A constructivist view of teaching
The teacher as reflective practitioner
Teacher s beliefs
Conclusion
What can teacher s do to promote learning ?
Introduction
Feuerstein s theory of mediation
Application of mediation theory
Investing mediation in language classrooms
Conclusion
The contribution of the individual student to the learning process
Introduction
Some problems eith the notion of individual differences
An alternative approach
The development and importance of self – concept
Locus of control
Attribution theory
Conclusion
What makes a person want to learn ? Motivation in language learning
Introduction
Early psychological views on motivation
Motivation in foreign and second language learning
A cognitive view of motivation
A social constructivist of motivation
A proposed definition of motivation
A model of motivation
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
Perceived value of the activity
Arousal
Learner s beliefs about themselves
Setting and achieving goals
The involvement of significant others
Summary
Drawing it all together
Conclusion
How does the learner deal with the process of learning?
Introduction
Learning strategies
Skills and strategies
Learning to learn
Metacognitive strategies
Summary
Language learning strategies
Strategy training
Learner training in foreign language teaching
Procedures for strategy training in and second language teaching
Conclusion
The place of tasks in the language classroom
Introduction
Tasks in foreign language teaching
A cognitive processing approach
An educational perspective on tasks
The learning context
Why study learning environments ?
Ecological perspectives
Environmental preferences
Classroom structure
Group processes
Classroom climate
Teacher behaviour as part of the learning environment
Individual perceptions of environments
Conclusion
Putting it all together
References
Subject index
Author index